A Robust Khintchine Inequality, and Algorithms for Computing Optimal Constants in Fourier Analysis and High-Dimensional Geometry

This paper makes two contributions towards determining some well-studied optimal constants in Fourier analysis of Boolean functions and high-dimensional geometry. 1. It has been known since 1994 [GL94] that every linear threshold function has squared Fourier mass at least 1/2 on its degree-0 and degree-1 coefficients. Denote the minimum such Fourier mass by W[LTF], where the minimum is taken over all n-variable linear threshold functions and all n ≥ 0. Benjamini, Kalai and Schramm [BKS99] have conjectured that the true value of W [LTF] is 2/π. We make progress on this conjecture by proving that W[LTF] ≥ 1/2 + c for some absolute constant c > 0. The key ingredient in our proof is a “robust” version of the well-known Khintchine inequality in functional analysis, which we believe may be of independent interest. 2. We give an algorithm with the following property: given any η > 0, the algorithm runs in time 2 and determines the value of W[LTF] up to an additive error of ±η. We give a similar 2-time algorithm to determine Tomaszewski’s constant to within an additive error of ±η; this is the minimum (over all origin-centered hyperplanes H) fraction of points in {−1, 1}n that lie within Euclidean distance 1 of H . Tomaszewski’s constant is conjectured to be 1/2; lower bounds on it have been given by Holzman and Kleitman [HK92] and independently by Ben-Tal, Nemirovski and Roos [BTNR02]. Our algorithms combine tools from anti-concentration of sums of independent random variables, Fourier analysis, and Hermite analysis of linear threshold functions. Research supported by NSF award CCF-0915929 and NSF award CCF-1017403. Research performed in part while supported by a Simons Postdoctoral Fellowship at UC Berkeley. Supported by NSF grants CCF-0915929 and CCF-1115703.